Karyological Analysis in Eight Cultivars of <i>Dimocarpus longan</i> and a Rare Species, <i>Dimocarpus obtusus</i> (Sapindaceae)

Longan is one of the most economically important fruits Asian countries belonging to family Sapindaceae. Essentially, there a lack fundamental karyological data on different cultivars in longan although whole genome has been successfully sequenced. This study first report chromosome numbers and karyotypes nine genus Dimocarpus cultivated widely northern regions Thailand. These are Chompoo, Haew, Phuangthong, Thao, Jumbo, Phuen-Mueang, Pumateenkong, Chuliang (China), Kohala (America), them (Thao, obtusus, Lithanatudom & Chaowasku, comb. et stat. nov.) considered as rare species found The somatic number cells derived from root tip collected air layering branch all was determined 2n=2x=30. All showed predominance metacentric chromosomes each karyotype indicating their symmetric nature. these placed into categories 1B 2B based Stebbins classification. In addition, we analyzed scatter diagrams asymmetry indices, UPGMA dendrogram with fruit morphology, PCoA graph together karyotypic relationship, overall, results revealed that examined can be divided two major groups.